I found an interesting animation
on the history of English which shows in a humoristic, witty way the lexical enrichment
of that language.
Words which originated from
the Anglo-Saxon dialects outlasted Roman terms because they related to things
used on a daily basis. The conquest of England by Vikings also left some
traces on English mostly connected to war and death. During the Middle Ages Latin
was used vastly in religious circumstances and in science. In 11thc,
the English elite started speaking French as the Norman king William the
Conqueror took the crown. It is estimated that 10 000 English words originate
from French which are mostly connected to jurisdiction, law but also cuisine (beef,
mutton, pork). In 16thc. William Shakespeare invented 2000 (!) new
words and phrases and proved that English is a rich and poetic language. Then
came Isaac Newton and other physicist who abandoned Latin in favour of their
native language to discuss science, anatomy. Later we witnessed the rise of the
British Empire, many exotic terms of the
colonies found their place in the language of conquerors. For instance the “barbecue”
word came out of the Caribbean , “yoga” originate from India, “zombie” from Africa.
I would never have thought that the word “nugget” originally appeared in Australia. Subsequently dr. Johnson’s dictionary of the
English language attempted to unify spelling and clarify the meaning of some
difficult words for those who were literate at that time. If u want to know the
continuation, you should watch that short animation.
This is quite brilliant! Sometimes you can even hear English referred to as a "bastard language" because of its complicated origins. There is a book about these issues, titled Our Magnificent Bastard Tongue, reviewed here.
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